Inflammation of the urinary tract is a common problem not only among women;Half of humanity also suffers from this disease, but less frequently due to physiological characteristics.The main symptoms of cystitis in men: increased frequency of urination and its pain, discomfort and pain in the suprapubic region, impurities in the urine.Therapy involves the use of antimicrobial drugs and various procedures.
What is cystitis?
A bacterial infection causes inflammation of the bladder.It occurs when pathogens enter the target organ through the urethra.The disease is classified as a lower urinary tract infection.The male urethra is longer than the female one, so cystitis is less common in the stronger half of humanity than in women.
Reasons
Following simple rules of personal hygiene will allow a young man to avoid cystitis with almost one hundred percent probability.As you age, the risk of suffering from the disease increases.Cystitis is usually caused by other conditions, such as urethral strictures, urolithiasis, and chronic sexually transmitted infections.Weakened immunity is also a trigger, and this is often caused by the use of cytostatics and hormonal drugs.
The cause of cystitis in women is an ascending infection from the urethra, vagina and anus, while in men it spreads from the urethra, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles.The disease can be caused by urological problems that cause narrowing of the urethra and stagnation of urine.Obstruction of the urethra by any foreign body, stones, diverticula (protrusion of the organ wall) and prostate adenoma can cause cystitis.
Since it is difficult for the infection to penetrate a man's bladder, cystitis can occur in combination with other diseases, such as vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, prostatitis and epididymitis.Urogenital infection occurs when infected with ureaplasma, treponema pallidum (syphilis), gonococci, mycoplasmas, staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, enterococci, trichomonas, chlamydia, proteus, herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, fungi (candidiasis), Klebsiella, Listeria or bacteriacoliforms.
The infection can also be descending in nature if it is caused by renal tuberculosis or pyelonephritis.Favorable conditions for the development of cystitis may be the presence of bad habits, stress, poor nutrition and excessive physical activity.Sinusitis, the flu, chronic tonsillitis, although they first affect the respiratory system, can spread through the bloodstream to other organs and introduce bacteria into the bladder.This leads to the fact that cystitis often occurs as a complication of infectious diseases.
The infection can be introduced by doctors in the hospital during a catheterization or cystoscopy.Other factors that contribute to the disease include diabetes mellitus, hypothermia, stress, lack of sleep, abdominal surgery, prostate resection, transurethral surgery, and malignant tumors of the urethra and prostate.
The first signs of cystitis in men
If an inflammatory process is suspected, treatment should not be delayed.Cystitis in men is diagnosed and antibiotics are prescribed.The first signs of the disease can be detected on their own if:
- frequent urination
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- burning when urinating;
- blood, mucus and pus in the urine;
- general weakness, temperature above normal (37°C).
Symptoms
Male cystitis is determined by pronounced symptoms.The development of the disease in acute form is indicated by increased frequency of urination, difficulty and painful sensations in the lower abdomen and cloudy urine.If these phenomena occur, it is necessary to go to a urologist as soon as possible.The frequent need to urinate is one of the main symptoms of cystitis, while during a visit to the toilet a very small amount of fluid may come out and incontinence often occurs.
With cystitis, a man may have to strain to start urinating.Painful, burning or stinging sensations also occur, which are especially strong at the beginning and end of urination.The pain varies in strength and intensity and may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the penis, perineum and pubic area.The symptoms of cystitis in men are complemented by elevated body temperature, headache, fatigue, weakness, increased sweating, chills and decreased appetite.
In the form of hemorrhagic and gangrenous cystitis, the urine becomes cloudy.It may contain blood and mucus and a pungent, unpleasant smell of rot appears.The volume of urine is reduced to 400 ml per day.The symptoms of cystitis in men are mild if the chronic form is observed.Almost no pain is felt, the frequency of urination increases slightly, and there is only mucus in the urine.This form of the disease has periods of exacerbation and remission.
chronic cystitis
This form is characterized by few symptoms and often has a continuously stable or undulating course.So, the complications of cystitis in men in chronic form are as follows:
- leukocyturia persists (increased number of leukocytes in the urine);
- pyuria (presence of pus in the urine);
- proteinuria (higher than normal excretion of protein in the urine);
- macroscopic or microscopic hematuria (the presence of blood in the urine);
- the presence of mucus in the urine.
spicy
This form of cystitis has extensive symptoms.The main manifestations that indicate the acute phase are the following:
- frequent urination, including nocturia (predominantly nocturnal diuresis);
- imperative impulses;
- stranguria (pain, difficulty urinating);
- cloudy urine;
- terminal hematuria;
- fever, chills, decreased ability to work;
- pain, stinging and burning when urinating,
- pain in the suprapubic region, penis, groin, scrotum;
- decreased urine volume (up to 10-20 ml);
- development of incontinence;
- leukocyturia, hematuria, pyuria.
- poisoning (with hemorrhagic, gangrenous or phlegmonous form);
- Cloudy color of urine, putrid odor of secretion, presence of cutting impurities and mucus.
Treatment
To prevent inflammation of the bladder, it is important to prevent cystitis in men.However, if it was not possible to protect yourself and the first signs of the disease appear, you should visit a specialist as soon as possible.Therapy is prescribed only after the urologist collects a complete anamnesis and conducts examinations.Acute cystitis, accompanied by severe pain and persistent urinary retention, will require hospital treatment and a detailed study of the processes occurring in the body to determine the type of pathogenic microorganism.The following are recommended as general therapies:
- Bed rest during the acute period of the disease, use of antipyretics, consumption of large amounts of fluid (up to 2.5 liters per day), adherence to a diet in the absence of sour, spicy and salty foods in the diet.
- Antibiotics.Once the pathogen is identified, antimicrobial agents are prescribed.The most common are fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans and cephalosporins.The medications are taken for a week.
- Phytotherapy.Diuretic and anti-inflammatory herbal remedies are effective against cystitis.Herbal infusions (gauba, horsetail, lingonberry leaves) will be useful for this disease.These medications have a supportive effect and help relieve inflammation.You should be aware of the possibility of an allergic reaction to herbs.Cranberry juice or fruit drink will be beneficial;Tablets containing cranberry extract are effective.Such medications reduce the concentration of the antibiotic, so they can be used after the end of treatment.
- Antispasmodic medications and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will help relieve pain.
- Some sexually transmitted infections can cause cystitis in men.The treatment regimen is prescribed by a specialist.
- Immunomodulators and probiotics.These remedies help the body recover after antibiotic treatment.They do not participate directly in the treatment of the disease.Immunomodulators help the body fight pathogens, and probiotics restore intestinal microflora.
- The course of treatment depends on concomitant diseases, such as pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, adenomectomy, prostatitis.Therapy for these diseases is necessary to cure cystitis.
- Bladder lavage.In some cases, this procedure is recommended with the use of antiseptics;the use of novocaine blocks is effective.
- Physiotherapy.At the end of the acute period of the disease, to accelerate the body's recovery and resorption, ultrasound, UHF, mud therapy, magnetic laser therapy and electrophoresis procedures are used.